The 4 criminals are lined up on some steps (shown in picture). They are all facing in the same direction. A wall separates the fourth man from the other three.
So to summarize:-
Man 1 can see men 2 and 3.
Man 2 can see man 3.
Man 3 can see none of the others.
Man 4 can see none of the others.
The criminals are wearing hats. They are told that there are two white hats and two black hats. The men initially don’t know what colour hat they are wearing. They are told to shout out the color of the hat that they are wearing as soon as they know for certain what colour it is.
They are not allowed to turn round or move.
They are not allowed to talk to each other.
They are not allowed to take their hats off.
Who is the first person to shout out and why?
Answer:
The man who calls out is no: 2
Because after a short time, no: 1 has not shouted out what colour hat he is wearing. So no: 2 knows that he cannot be wearing the same colour hat as the person in front of him. If he was then no: 1 would see two black hats and would therefore know that his hat must be white.
No: 2can confidently shout out that the hat he is wearing is white since he isn’t wearing the same colour hat as the man in front and the man in front is wearing a black hat.
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